Cucumbers are in the Cucurbitaceae family of plants which also includes pumpkins and melons.

None of the allergens in cucumber have been recognised by the World Health Organization (WHO), but it is thought that the allergen responsible for causing allergic reactions are profilin proteins. There needs to be more studies showing allergenicity before it can be added to the WHO Allergen Database.

Profilin proteins are panallergens, they have the potential to cause allergies over several groups of plants.

Cucumber is a low FODMAP food. FODMAP stands for Fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols. Foods high in FODMAPs can cause symptoms of food intolerance, affecting the gastro intestinal system and this can be mistaken for a true IgE food allergy.

Cucumber is a food high in salicylates, so has the potential to cause gastrointestinal food intolerance symptoms in people who are sensitive to salicylates.

Cucumber is one of the few vegetables to contain a moderate amount of lectins, another cause of food intolerance. Cooking foods with lectins makes them more digestible and can reduce the symptoms of food intolerance.

Allergy to cucumber can be linked to Celery-Mugwort-Spice Syndrome as the sensitising allergen is a profilin protein called Art v 4, these proteins are also sometimes also called Bet v 2 proteins. This is a subtype of Pollen Food Allergy Syndrome. Where sensitisation to a pollen causes allergy to food containing similarly shaped foods.

There is also a link between cucumber and Latex Food Syndrome. The plant involved in latex allergy Hevea brasiliensis, the rubber tree plant, has an allergen called Hev b 8 which is a profilin protein. Those very sensitised to latex may have a contact allergic reaction from other foods or plants containing profilin proteins, there is less evidence of this than sensitisation to other latex linked proteins like hevein and chitinases.

Those with a sensitivity to latex may have linked allergies to foods which contain high levels of chitinase, like avocado, chestnuts, corn (maize), kiwi, papaya, pomegranate and tomatoes.

Other plants containing profilin proteins are dates, kiwi, pineapple, celery, peanut, chilli, watermelon, orange, hazelnut, muskmelon, carrot, strawberry, soya beans, barley, walnut, lychee, lupin, apple, banana, cherry, almond, peach, pear, mustard, tomato, aubergine and wheat.

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